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Joined 1 year ago
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Cake day: June 9th, 2024

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  • Below is just one possible aspect of this, the other answers you’ve received are also valid. Writing systems are complicated!


    Your making the mistake that writing systems are supposed to represent speech sounds. They do not (or at least they don’t have to). As an example, in my accent (midwestern American English) there are at least three different sounds I make for “t”:

    • “touch”: (aspirated) voiceless alveolar plosive
    • “matter”: voiced alveolar tap
    • “mat”: glottal stop

    These are the technical names linguists use for these sounds; you can find them on Wikipedia if you want to know more. English speakers can agree though that they are all “the same thing”; the technical terminology is that they are all allophones of the same phoneme. Different accents will have different allophones, for example some English accents may pronounce this “t” phoneme in “matter” and “mat” the same way as my “touch”. If you think this is splitting hairs, that’s just false; the way languages divide sounds into phonemes varies greatly. For example, Japanese speakers consider my “touch” “t” and my “matter” “t” to be two completely different sounds, i.e. two different phonemes which are not interchangeable.

    (Very) roughly speaking, writing systems tend to map better onto phonemes than onto actual sounds. Part of your frustration with Vietnamese writing could partly be from this: Vietnamese possibly has some sounds as allophones which in English are not allophones and belong to different phonemes. In other words, to a Vietnamese speaker they are the same sound. On the flipside, it could be that Vietnamese uses different letters for different phonemes, but those sounds are part of the same phoneme in English and you perceive them as “the same sound” when they are in fact distinct.

    One more example is the Cot-Caught merger present in some varieties of English. In my accent, the vowels in these words are two separate sounds for two separate phonemes. In English accents which have the merger, they have become the same phoneme and in fact are pronounced identically, with the exact sound depending on the particular variety of English.

    This shows one way you can end up with different spellings for identically-pronounced words.






  • The example given in the OP is incorrect. /u/gameryamen is implying something like: given a sequence of rotations W there is a scale factor a>0 such that W(a)W(a)W = 1, with W(a) the same sequence of rotations as W but with all rotation angles scaled by a.

    This is not what the paper does. The paper finds an a such that W(a)W(a) = 1.


    His whole post seems bunk, honestly. Example:

    Having one more shot in your follow up acts as kind of a hinge, opening up more possibilities.

    This seems completely irrelevant. It seems that maybe they’re referring to the probabilistic argument the authors give to justify why their theorem should be true (before giving a complete proof), but this argument involves repeating the same exact rotation two times, not two different rotations in sequence.





  • I’ve had an issue with controllers before because Steam’s udev rules straight up give the wrong permissions to the device files they create. Check Steam logs, there’s one specifically for controllers if I remember correctly (or maybe it was a generic “console” log) and it should be very clear if this is the issue because there will be a permission error recorded.




  • i,j,k for basis vectors is an interesting one. Historically, Hamilton invented his quaternions before any notion of “vector” existed (as an algebraic object; I believe the geometric notion is older). (So, what, did people just write out everything componentwise? Yes, yes they did. For example, that’s how things like Maxwell’s equations were originally presented.) The reason he chose i,j,k for the unit quaternions is because i was already in use for complex numbers, and i was in use for complex numbers probably to stand for “imaginary”.

    The notion of “vector” was invented specifically as a “de-algebraicization” of quaternions. People did not like working with quaternions because they thought it was weird, particurlary because they required 4 numbers but space only required 3, so the likes of Gibbs and Heaviside gutted them and gave us modern 3D vector calculus. The reason we work with the dot product and cross product in 3D is specifically because, given pure imaginary quaternions v, w the product (vw) has real part (-v.w) and imaginary part (v x w).


    Also, your last paragraph is somewhat misinformed. Sequences of Greek letters are used all the time, and Hebrew letters are also used in set theory to denote cardinalities (though I can only think of aleph and beth, no sequences of such letters). It is also well-known that some people like to use Japanese よ (yo) for the Yoneda embedding in category theory. But beyond Latin and Greek, there is quite a dearth.





  • Everything I wrote “is Markdown”, because the program you’re using to view my text assumes that my text is formatted in Markdown. You too are writing in Markdown, which for example is how your comment got displayed in bold. You did not “type boldly” to do that, you typed some text like **this is bold** and that got displayed in bold.

    Maybe more examples would help. Here’s something I can do because the program you’re using to view my text assumes it’s Markdown: this is a monospace font and this is not. This desire for my text to be displayed in a monospace font is expressed in Markdown using grave quotes. It’s common to use this to denote literal, unprocessed text, so I would say that what I typed was `this is a monospace font`. If you copy and paste that text into a comment, do nothing else to it, and post it, you will see it displayed as this is a monospace font without the quotes because a Markdown compatible program sees it and knows “this person wants the text between these grave quotes displayed monospace”.

    You can also see where I just wrote “without” italicized; in Markdown this is expressed as *without* or _without_.

    If I type

    * Thing 1
    
    * Thing 2
    
    * Thing 3
    

    You’ll see this displayed with bullets, not asterisks, and proper indenting and vertical spacing for a list:

    • Thing 1

    • Thing 2

    • Thing 3

    It also gets displayed in exactly the same way if I write it in these two different ways as well:

    * Thing 1
    * Thing 2
    * Thing 3
    
    • Thing 1
    • Thing 2
    • Thing 3
      * Thing 1
      * Thing 2
    
      * Thing 3
    
    • Thing 1

    • Thing 2

    • Thing 3


    Maybe it would be helpful to just skim through a Markdown spec. (There are different flavors of Markdown; this one is called CommonMark, which is usually what people actually mean when they say Markdown. More information on their website.)


  • You typed some text to make your first comment, and it looked something like this:

    Elder Millennial here. All I know about markdown is:
    
    1. To make a hard copy of a thought or conversation. "Mark that down in your notes, so we don't forget."
    
    2. A discount or sale. "Did you see the 30% markdown on three legged jeans?"
    

    The way your comment actually displays is different though, isn’t it? The numbered items are indented and come one after the other without any space inbetween, and the text within each numbered item is properly aligned.

    What you entered is just text, and text by itself is inherently meaningless. “Markdown” is the name of a particular standard way of formatting text so that programs can reliably interpret parts of that text as representing the writers desire for their text to be displayed a particular way. You can kind of think of it like a programming language. As another basic example, consider this text:

    This is a paragraph.
    This        is still    the same
           paragraph.
    
    Here is the second one.
    
    
    
    
    
    And here is the third                   one.
    

    I’m going to paste this text right after this sentence; notice how the amount of space doesn’t matter, and how a new paragraph is denoted by at least two line breaks.

    This is a paragraph. This is still the same paragraph.

    Here is the second one.

    And here is the third one.